U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Sets and enforces federal rules for air, water, hazardous waste, and pollution. State agencies usually carry out day-to-day permitting.
Handles: Air permits and emissions standards; Clean Water Act discharges (with state co-enforcement); Hazardous waste and Superfund sites; Lead, asbestos, and indoor air guidance.
Does not handle: Property disputes between neighbours; Easements or zoning decisions; Noise complaints (except aircraft, which is FAA).
Site: www.epa.govLocal: www.epa.gov/aboutepa/regional-and-geographic-officesComplaint: www.epa.gov/report-violationRecords: www.epa.gov/foia
Last reviewed June 2026
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
Permits work in wetlands, streams, and other waters of the United States. The agency that decides whether a wetland can be filled.
Handles: Section 404 wetland fill permits; Section 10 work in navigable waters; Levees and flood-control structures.
Does not handle: Stormwater quality (usually state); Drinking water quality; Pure private property disputes.
Site: www.usace.army.milLocal: www.usace.army.mil/LocationsComplaint: www.usace.army.mil/Missions/Civil-Works/Regulatory-Program-and-PermitsRecords: www.usace.army.mil/foia
Last reviewed June 2026
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS)
Protects federally listed endangered species and migratory birds. Reviews projects that may affect listed species or critical habitat.
Handles: Endangered Species Act consultations; Migratory Bird Treaty Act permits; Bald and Golden Eagle Act permits; Habitat conservation plans.
Does not handle: Game species (most are state-managed); Nuisance wildlife removal; Pet or livestock issues.
Site: www.fws.govLocal: www.fws.gov/about/regionComplaint: www.fws.gov/le/report-wildlife-crime.htmlRecords: www.fws.gov/foia
Last reviewed June 2026
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Federal agency for ocean, coastal, marine fisheries, and weather. NOAA Fisheries reviews projects affecting marine species and habitat.
Handles: Marine endangered species (whales, sea turtles, salmon); Essential Fish Habitat consultations; Coastal Zone Management coordination; Weather and flood forecasting.
Does not handle: Inland zoning; Freshwater wetland fills (Army Corps); Air pollution (EPA).
Site: www.noaa.govLocal: www.fisheries.noaa.gov/contact-directory/regional-officesComplaint: www.fisheries.noaa.gov/reportRecords: www.noaa.gov/information-technology/foia
Last reviewed June 2026
USDA Wildlife Services (USDA-WS)
Program within the USDA that manages conflicts between people and wildlife — bird strikes at airports, predator control, invasive species.
Handles: Wildlife damage to agriculture; Airport wildlife hazard management; Invasive species control.
Does not handle: Endangered species (USFWS); Hunting and fishing regulations (state); Pet rescue.
Site: www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/wildlifedamageLocal: www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/wildlifedamage/sa_program_overview/sa_state_officesRecords: www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/resources/foia
Last reviewed June 2026
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Licenses wireless facilities — cell towers, antennas, microwave links. Local zoning can regulate placement but cannot ban service.
Handles: Wireless tower registration and licensing; Antenna structure approvals; RF emission compliance.
Does not handle: Local zoning of towers (city/county); Health-effects determinations (covered by FCC limits); Building permits for tower construction.
Site: www.fcc.govComplaint: consumercomplaints.fcc.govRecords: www.fcc.gov/proceedings-actions/records-information/foia
Last reviewed June 2026
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
Permits interstate natural gas pipelines, hydroelectric projects, and high-voltage transmission lines.
Handles: Interstate natural gas pipeline certificates; Hydroelectric licenses; Wholesale electric transmission.
Does not handle: Local distribution lines (state PSC); Oil pipelines (PHMSA / state); Local easement negotiations.
Site: www.ferc.govComplaint: www.ferc.gov/enforcement-legal/enforcement/complaintsRecords: www.ferc.gov/foia
Last reviewed June 2026
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Federal safety regulator for pipelines (gas, oil, hazardous liquids) and hazardous-materials transport.
Handles: Pipeline safety standards; Pipeline incident investigations; Hazardous materials transportation rules.
Does not handle: Pipeline routing (FERC for interstate gas); Easement negotiations.
Site: www.phmsa.dot.govComplaint: www.phmsa.dot.gov/contact-usRecords: www.phmsa.dot.gov/foia
Last reviewed June 2026